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Lead acid batteries are rechargeable batteries made of lead plates situated in a ‘bath’ of sulfuric acid within a plastic casing.
They are used in every country in world, and can commonly be recognized as “car batteries”. The batteries can be charged many times, but after numerous cycles of recharging, lead plates eventually deteriorate causing the battery to lose its ability to hold stored energy for any period of time. Once the lead acid battery ceases to be effective, it is unusable and deemed a used lead acid battery (ULAB), which is classified as a hazardous waste under the Basel Convention.
* Now the solution has arrived. *
Instead of conventional lead acid battery, by combining Super Capacitors with smaller lead acid battery. Super Capacitors will do the starting instead of battery. So the benefits we getting are: light weight, greener environment, long life, less stress on engine and alternator, more power and better fuel economy.
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On December 1-12, 2016 ; Muengthong Thani
What are Used Lead Acid Batteries (ULABs)?
Description: Lead acid batteries are relatively simple electrochemical devices able to store electrical energy, and deliver it to motors and other appliances when needed. Unlike common dry cell or alkaline batteries used in torches and other household appliances, lead acid batteries may be recharged after the stored energy has been used. This is why they are widely used in motor vehicle starting engines and running appliances (e.g. air conditioning, headlights). Although the starter motor and headlights use much of the battery's stored energy, the battery is continuously recharged by the alternator during normal running of the engine.
Construction: Lead acid batteries are made up of sheets of lead immersed in a 'bath' of sulfuric acid. Usually the whole assembly is contained in a robust plastic case made of polypropylene or polyethylene.
Battery Life: Although lead acid batteries may be charged and re-charged many times, each cycle places small stresses on the lead plates, which eventually distort. This causes short circuits within the battery so that the battery is unable to hold stored energy for a prolonged period. Depending on operating conditions and other factors, a number of other processes may take place in the battery which coat the plates with scale or other non-reactive material, making them difficult or impossible to re-charge.
As a result of these degradation processes batteries become unusable and are then known as Used Lead Acid Batteries (ULABs), and are waste. The lifetime for motorcar batteries is typically three to four years, while for trucks and tractors the typical lifetime is two to three years.
When they become waste, Used Lead Acid Batteries are classified as a hazardous waste under the Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1989 and require a permit if exported or imported. Other state or territory legislation may apply and the dangerous goods code may apply in certain circumstances.
The indicative rate of generation of Used Lead Acid Batteries in Australia is of the order of 70 000 to 80 000 tons per annum, but since data for traction batteries (fork lift trucks etc) and other industrial applications is uncertain, this estimate may be conservative.
Why are they hazardous?
Battery Life
During discharge, tiny chemical crystals are formed on the plates of the battery. While charging, these crystals are electrolytically dissolved from the plates. If the battery is not completely recharged after each use, this crystallization increases slightly with each charge/load cycle and impedes the battery's ability both to be charged and to deliver power. If the battery is overcharged, it will excessively heat and this can cause its active plate material to become electrically isolated, causing the battery to fail prematurely. Renaissance incorporates radiant charging with several innovative design technologies to minimize both undercharging and overcharging problems while gently conditioning the plates. Other advanced chargers and desulfators may give temporary immediate gains, but while they do this, they also degrade the plates (which, in the case of lead-acid batteries, eventually end up in the bottom of the battery). Today there is a revolutionary battery charging technology that does not leave you with low acid levels and degrading plates. Rather, this truly unique charging system creates a denser crystalline structure, restoring acid levels without ineffective additives, increasing capacity and maintaining cell integrity. While there are many different pulse charging systems on the market, all of which claim to provide a better and deeper charge, they still cannot compare to the radiant charge. Unlike others, Renaissance chargers, using radiant charging technology, effectively rejuvenate, in many cases, previously considered unchargeable batteries. Often these batteries are restored to near-new condition. In some cases they outperform a comparable battery that is brand new, right off the shelf.
TOP 10 Worst Pullution Problems 2008
Lead acid batteries are rechargeable batteries made of lead plates situated in a ‘bath’ of sulfuric acid within a plastic casing. They are used in every country in world, and can commonly be recognized as “car batteries”. The batteries can be charged many times, but after numerous cycles of recharging, lead plates eventually deteriorate causing the battery to lose its ability to hold stored energy for any period of time.2 Once the lead acid battery ceases to be effective, it is unusable and deemed a used lead acid battery (ULAB), which is classified as a hazardous waste under the Basel Convention.3
Health Effects
Acute lead poisoning can occur when people are directly exposed to large amounts of lead through inhaling dust, fumes or vapors dispersed in the air. However, chronic poisoning from absorbing low amounts of lead over long periods of time is a much more common and pervasive problem. Lead can enter the body through the lungs or the mouth, and over long periods can accumulate in the bones. Health risks include impaired physical growth, kidney damage, retardation, and in extreme cases even death. Lead poisoning can lead to tiredness, headache, aching bones and muscles, forgetfulness, loss of appetite and sleep disturbance.
This is often followed by constipation and attacks of intense pain in the abdomen, called lead colic.5 Extreme cases of lead poisoning, can cause convulsions, coma, delirium and possibly death. Children are more susceptible to lead poisoning than adults and may suffer permanent neurological damage. Women that are pregnant and become exposed to lead can result in damage to the fetus and birth defects.
1 “Used Lead Acid Batteries: Factsheet” Department of the Environment and Heritage. Australian Government. http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/chemicals/hazardous-waste/publications/lead-acid-fs.html
2 “Used Lead Acid Batteries: Factsheet” Department of the Environment and Heritage. Australian Government. August 2005. Available at ”http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/publications/chemicals/hazardous-waste/lead-acid-fs.html
3 “The Basel Convention at a Glance.” Basel Convention. United Nations Environmental Programme. Available at http://www.basel.int/convention/bc_glance.pdf
